See Bandstra, 349-380; Koch, Volumes 1-2. Ph.D., Public Administration and Public Affairs, Virginia Tech, M.L.S., Library and Information Science, Emporia State University, M.P.A., Political Science and Public Administration, Brigham Young University, B.A., Political Science, Brigham Young University. He castigated those who “lie on beds of ivory, sprawled on their couches, eating the fattest of sheep and cattle from the stalls who drink from wine bowls, and anoint themselves with the choicest oils, but are not concerned about the ruin of (the House of) Joseph.” (Amos 6:4-6). Friend and advisor to King David. The collection of twelve texts known as the Minor Prophets was thought to have assumed its unitary form sometime in the first century B.C.E., although first extant mention of the text together is found in the Wisdom of Jesus ben Sirach (second century B.C.E.). This list details all the major and minor Old Testament prophets, though not necessarily in perfect chronological order. The king of Israel from approximately 790 to 750 B.C.E. Best-known to us as King David's prophet, Nathan should perhaps better be known as the man who ensures Solomon's rise to the throne of Israel. Exodus 17:13–14, 24:13, 32:17, 33:11, Numbers 13:8, 14:26–31, 27:18–19, 34:17, Deuteronomy 1:38, 3:28, 31:3, 23, 34:9, Book of Joshua. Nogalski, James D. and Marvin A. Sweeney (eds. VII: Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature, Daniel, The Twelve Prophets (Abingdon, 1996) Minor Prophets: How Are They Relevant Today? The term "Minor Prophets" refers to the reported authors of the twelve short prophetic texts included within the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) as well as the Christian Old Testament. the Kingdom of Israel, centered around the inheritance of the tribe of Ephraim) went to Assyria and sent embassies to the “great king,” but he cannot heal you, nor can he remove your hurt.” (Hosea 5:13) Hosea describes God as longing for the day when Israel will declare “Let us return to God, for He attacked us but will heal us, smote us, but will bandage us…we will know, no, rather we will run quickly to know God” (Hosea 6:1-3). Twelve "minor prophets" form one "book" concluding the Prophets, the middle section of the Hebrew Bible. The new wealth and new openness to foreign trade created, in Hosea’s view, other forces threatening Israel’s exclusive loyalty to God. The minor prophets exhibit a great diversity of manner and style -- the rugged and sententious, the full and flowing, the oratorical, and the simple and unadorned. eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'newworldencyclopedia_org-medrectangle-4','ezslot_1',162,'0','0'])); Recent biblical scholarship, following the original Hebrew, has focused on reading the "Book of the Twelve" as a unity—both in terms of content and editorial style. An overview of the Jewish state and its many accomplishments and challenges. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. Despite the fact that they all. [28] Further, many of these studies, using the archaeological finds from Qumran (and other Middle Eastern excavations), are attempting to develop these interpretations using the most historically relevant source materials. Scripture is sometimes definitive about who was a prophet. How do historical events signify God’s word? During this time period, the Assyrian empire threatened to conquer Judah, and here we encounter a difference of views and emphases between prophets of the same period. One theme that unifies the 12 prophets is Israel’s relationship with God. The Minor Prophets, whose exhortations were recorded on a single scroll in the classical Hebrew (and only separated when the text came to be translated), run the gamut of Israelite/Jewish history—from the Assyrian period to the Persian. prophesied in the same period, they hone in on different issues. Through this lesson, God teaches Jonah that His love for humans is overarching and that God is therefore inclined to be merciful and to prefer repentance to punishment. In contrast, Hosea focused on the theme of Israel’s loyalty to God. James D. Nogalski and Marvin A. Sweeney (eds. In this way (and in spite of their varied historical perspectives), all of the twelve, in their hopeful proclamations and baneful exhortations, were conditioned by this singular perspective. Both Hosea and Amos were composed in the second half of the eighth century, in the Northern Kingdom of Israel. This book is somewhat different than its companion prophecies. The historical setting of several passages in the Twelve Prophets are debated: Scholars argue about the dating of Habakkuk 3 and Zechariah 9-14, and it is quite probable that Zechariah 9-14 were written earlier than the time of Zechariah. In chapters 3-4, Jonah confronts God’s policy of reward and punishment, and is forced to undergo the experience of losing something he needs. Nahum’s prophecy speaks about the fall of Nineveh,which was conquered by the Babylonians in 612 BCE. Some prophets overlap, lived in different areas, or the chronology cannot be estimated with any accuracy. (The history of this period, when the second Temple was being rebuilt,is described in the biblical books of Ezra and Nehemiah.) Obadiah picks up the theme of the destruction, raging against the Edomites for despoiling Judah while the Babylonians destroyed the cities. These are questions that appear throughout Biblical prophecy. The sources referred to in this quotation are as follows: J. Nogalski, "Literary Precursors of the Book of the Twelve" and "Redactional Processes of the Book of the Twelve,", Art, Music, Literature, Sports and leisure, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Minor_Prophets&oldid=1015202, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, Fuller, Russell. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. Micah was a practical and national thinker; Isaiah had a more universal vision. Remembered for his prophecies of the Messiah. ,to parts of the books of Zechariah and Malachi, which are probably from the beginning of the fourth century B.C.E. As Bandstra notes, "the books taken as a whole address the big issues of prophecy; namely, Israel's devotion to Yahweh, the responsibility of foreign nations to respect God's people, and the expectation that God will act in the future to vindicate his people and punish wickedness" (378). What Do the Major and Minor Prophets Have in Common? 1 Kings 12:22, 1 Chronicles 3:22, 2 Chronicles 11:2, 2 Chronicles 12:5, 7, 2 Chronicles 12:15, Nehemiah 3:29, List of Major and Minor Prophets of the Old Testament.
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