'"[18], The first historian to systematically collect the reports of eyewitnesses of this event was Abu Mikhnaf (died in 157 AH/774 CE) in a work titled Kitab Maqtal Al-Husayn. [citation needed] The development of the whole genre of marsia poetry and ta'zieh theatre in the Persian and Indo-Persian world, or in the popular Turkish tradition is in this way. Muawiyah then delivered a sermon, having stood these five men below the pulpit in full view of the people after which the people pledged allegiance to Yazeed as they stood in silence without displaying their disagreement or opposition for fear of being humiliated. Then latter Muslim historians have written their histories on the basis of the former ones especially Maqtal Al-Husayn of Abu Mikhnaf. This time when Shimr asked him why he had not killed him, he said he saw into his eyes and saw the angry look of Ali ibn Abi Talib. (174 × 337.8 cm, 47.17kg). The messenger was captured in the vicinity of Kufa but managed to tear the letter to pieces to hide names of its recipients. Both Josh Malihabadi and Muhammad Iqbal followed the genre of six-line stanza and have produced great poetry. [30] They were forced to pitch a camp on the dry, bare land and Hurr stationed his army nearby. In his last moments when Al-Abbas ibn Ali was wiping the blood in his eyes to enable him to see Hussein's face,[citation needed] Al-Abbas ibn Ali said not to take his body back to the camps because he had promised to bring back water but could not and so could not face Bibi Sakinah, the daughter of Hussein ibn Ali. [57] He frequently forced his enemy into retreat, killing a great number of opponents. In the Indian sub-continent Muharram in the context of remembrance of the events of Karbala means the period of two months & eight days i.e. Soon Abdullah established his power in Iraq, southern Arabia, the greater part of Syria and parts of Egypt. Using a blunt knife, he removed Hussein's head from his body. The Kharijite in Iraq weakened Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr and after a battle with the Umayyads in Syria, he was isolated in the Tihamah and the Hejaz regions [71] the Kharijite rebels then established an independent state in central Arabia in 684. Marwan had a short reign dying in 685 but he was succeeded by his able son Abd al-Malik. [7], Lead elements of the U.S. 3rd Infantry Division had reached the Karbala area on 31 March. 1836), Berlin (Sprenger, Nos. Brooklyn Museum, Gift of K. Thomas Elghanayan in honor of Nourollah Elghanayan, 2002.6 (Photo: Brooklyn Museum, CONS.2002.6_xrs_detail03.jpg), Abbas Al-Musavi. Hussein ibn Ali believed the appointment of Yazid as the heir of the Caliphate would lead to hereditary kingship, which was against the original political teachings of Islam. [77] Then other Sunni Muslim historians including Al-Baladhuri and Ibn Kathir narrated the events of Karbala from Abu Mikhnaf. For their actions in Karbala, 3rd Battalion, 502nd Infantry, 101st Airborne Division was awarded the Valorous Unit Award. Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Vague or ambiguous time from January 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, almost all of Hussein's companions were killed, wikisource:The Sermon of Ali ibn Husayn in Damascus, Karbala: Chain of events Section - The Battle, Karbala: The Complete Picture - Chapter 8.3, "Karbala: Chain of events Section - Peace Agreement between Imam Al-Hasan and Mu'awiya", http://www.al-islam.org/short/Karbala.htm#peace%20agreement, "Karbala: Chain of events Section - Yazid Becomes Ruler", http://www.al-islam.org/short/Karbala.htm#yazid%20rules, "Karbala: Chain of events Section – On the Way to Karbala", http://www.al-islam.org/short/Karbala.htm#way%20to%20karbala, "Karbala: Chain of events Section – Karbala", http://www.al-islam.org/short/Karbala.htm#karbala, "Maqtal al Husain - Those Whose Conscience is Free", "Maqtal al Husain - The Right Wing Remains Firm", "Maqtal al Husain - Martyrdom of Ahl al Bayt", Rebellion and Violence in Islamic Law By Khaled Abou El Fadl page 72, A Glance Into The Sources On The Incident Of Āshūrā, On Difference & Understanding: Al-Husayn: the Shiite Martyr, the Sunni Hero, Table of Contents and Excerpt, Aghaie, The Women of Karbala, Meaning of 'Ashura: Misrepresentations & Distortions, 'Ashura - Misrepresentations and Distortions, ḤUsayn Ibn ʿAlī, Al, Encyclopedia of Religion, Majlesekhobregan.ir -> Magazines -> Islamic Government. [8] Oil on canvas, 68 1/2 × 133 in., 104 lb. Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr was the son of a al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam a cousin of Ali and Muhammad and the son of Asma bint Abu Bakr, Abu Bakr's daughter. Every casualty had a considerable effect on their military strength since they were vastly outnumbered by Yazid I's army.
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